From Paul, a servant of Messiah Jesus, called to be an Apostle, set apart for God’s Gospel.
2 He promised this Gospel in advance through His
prophets in the Holy Scriptures,
[870] 3 about His Son, who came
into existence as a physical descendant of David,
[871] 4 and was marked out to
be the Son of God with power by his resurrection from the dead,[872]
according to the spirit of holiness, Jesus Messiah our lord.
[873] 5 Through him
we have received grace and Apostleship, to bring about the obedience of faith[874]
among all the Gentiles for his name.
[875] 6 And you are included among those invited to belong to Jesus the Messiah.
7 To all of you in Rome beloved by
God and invited to be saints: Grace and peace to you from God who is our Father and from the lord Jesus Messiah. 8 First of all I thank my God through Jesus Messiah for all of you, because
your faith is being proclaimed throughout the entire world. 9 God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the Gospel of His Son,[876]
how I
constantly remember you,
10 always requesting in my prayers that by the will of God I
may be finally enabled to visit you. 11 For I long to see you so that I may
give you a spiritual blessing to strengthen you –
12 that is,
we may be encouraged mutually by the other’s faith, both yours and mine. 13 I
want you to know, brothers and sisters, that I often have planned to visit you,
but I was prevented so far. I wanted to harvest some spiritual fruit[877]
among you
also, just as among other Gentiles.
14 I am obligated to the Greeks and all the
other nations, to the educated and the uneducated. 15 And that is why I am eager to proclaim
the Gospel to you also who live in Rome.
16 For I am not ashamed of the Gospel, because it contains the power of
God[878]
leading to salvation for everyone who believes it, for Jews first
and also for Gentiles.
17 In the Gospel God’s way of being right is
revealed, by faith from start to finish. As it is written, “The upright will live
by faith.”
[879] 18 For the righteous anger of God is revealed from heaven against every
form of godlessness and wickedness of people who suppress the truth
with their wickedness,
19 because what can be known about God is evident to
them, since God has shown it to them. 20 For since the creation of the
world, His invisible attributes of everlasting power and divine nature are
clearly seen, because they can be perceived in the things He has made,
and so people have no excuse. 21 For even though they knew God, they did
not glorify Him as the God He is or thank Him, but their arguments turned into
stupidity, and their empty minds were filled with darkness. 22 They claimed to
be wise but became fools,
23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for
images looking like mortal human beings, birds, animals, and reptiles. 24 In response, God gave them over in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to
dishonor their bodies among themselves. 25 They exchanged the truth of
God for the lie, and worshiped and served creatures rather than the
One who created them, who is blessed for all ages! Amen.
26 That is why God gave them over to vile passions. Their women exchanged
the natural sexual function for what is against nature. 27 In the same way the
men, leaving the natural function with women, burned with lust for each
other. Men committed shameful acts with other men, and as a result they
received in themselves the just penalty of their error. 28 Because they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them over
to a reprobate mind, to do things that should not be done. 29 They are filled
with every form of unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil. They are
full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and hatred. They are gossips, 30 slanderers,
haters of God, insolent, arrogant and boastful. They are inventors of new
forms of evil. They dishonor their parents. 31 They are without understanding.[880]
They are promise-breakers, unloving, and unmerciful. 32 Though they
know well God’s sentence — that those who practice these things deserve to
die — they not only do them, but fully approve[881]
others who practice
them.
Commentary
Romans
[869]
“God’s Gospel” appears 8 times in the NT: Mk. 1:14; Rom. 1:1; 15:16 (framing the book of Romans); 2 Cor. 11:7; 1 Thess. 2:2, 8, 9; 1 Pet. 4:17. We know from Mark 1:14-15 that God’s Gospel is the Gospel of the Kingdom of God as first proclaimed by Jesus. Preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom was the purpose and point of Jesus’ entire work for God (Lk. 4:43 summarizes the faith of Jesus and must characterize ours also). Obedience to the words of Jesus is the fundamental point of the Christian faith (Jn. 12:44ff; 3:36; 2 Jn. 7-9; 1 Tim. 6:3; Heb. 2:3; Acts 10:36-37). Christianity did not begin at the cross or at Pentecost, but with the preaching of John the Baptist who introduced Jesus (Lk. 16:16; Jn. 1:17). Jesus was the mediator of the New Covenant, not the Law of Moses (Heb. 8:6; 9:15; 12:24; 1 Tim. 2:5).
[870]
The Hebrew prophets speak constantly of restoration, salvation, peace and consolation in
Jerusalem and thus of the coming Kingdom of God on earth. This is the Christian Gospel of the
Kingdom as preached by Jesus and all the NT writers. Isa. 52:7 and context is a fine example of the
content of the Gospel of the Kingdom, the revealed reign of God through Messiah.
[871]
Paul used an unusual word to describe the origin of the Son of God and Son of David. He said
that Jesus “came into existence” (genomenon) from the seed of David. He meant of course from the
miracle God worked in Mary, who was of the seed of David. By this process Jesus was from his birth at
the same time Son of God and son of Mary. He became Son of God with power at his resurrection. Acts
13:33 speaks of his being begotten, brought into existence, being raised up as was David in 13:22 (and
the Messiah in 3:22; 7:37). 13:33 points to the moment when God fathered him in Mary. His
resurrection by contrast is proven by a different OT text in Acts 13:34. The KJV is misleading in v. 33.
[872]
He certainly did not first become the Son of God at his resurrection, a popular fallacy. He is
named Son of God from his conception (begotten, Mt. 1:20) and he calls himself Son of God in the
Gospels, frequently referring to God as his Father. Note that in this summary statement, which is
decisive for Paul’s understanding of Jesus, the Son of God begins, comes into existence, as the
descendant of David (exactly as Mt. 1 and Lk. 1 say). He is further declared to be Son of God withpower at the resurrection. Many readers overlook the fact that it is in Paul’s definition here the Son ofGod (v. 3) whose origin is from the line of David. God became the Father of that Son by miracle in
Mary. Paul knows of no eternal Son, no eternal generation.
[873]
“our lord” is based on the key OT oracle defining the Messiah in relation to the Lord God. The
Messiah is the adoni, our lord, the king of Israel. Adoni in all 195 occurrences is never the Lord God.
Luke carefully distinguishes the lord Messiah (Lk. 2:11) from the LORD’s (Yahweh’s) Messiah (Lk.
2:26). Elizabeth visited the “mother of my lord” in Luke 1:43 and Mary Magdalene did not know where
they had put “my lord” (Jn. 20:13). Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God (Lk. 1:35) not the Lord God,
which would make the unthinkable — two who are GOD, two Gods!
[874]
A critically important and useful phrase showing that faith without obedience to Jesus is not
real faith. It “frames” the book of Romans and appears at the very end in 16:26. It is the constant theme
of the NT.
[875]
“Name” signifies all that Jesus stands for, his whole agenda and Gospel of the Kingdom
preaching and teaching.
[876]
The Gospel of God’s Son is the Gospel of the Kingdom as preached by both Jesus and Paul
(Mk. 1:14-15; Lk. 4:43; Heb. 2:3; Acts 19:8; 20:24-25; 28:23, 30, 31; Mt. 24:14). It contains the
information, too, about the saving death and resurrection of Jesus. It is necessary, to avoid
misunderstanding, to paraphrase the Gospel of the Son as both the Gospel he preached and the Gospel
about him. See Heb. 2:3 where Jesus is the original preacher of the saving Gospel.
[877]
Reminding us of the parable of the sower, where fruit is born based on the seed which is the
“word of the Kingdom” (Mt. 13:19). Paul preached the same Gospel of the Kingdom as Jesus had.
[878]
The Gospel is what energizes (see 1 Thess. 2:13). It is the creative activity of God, God’s
energizing word. It functions with the energy of a life-imparting seed (Lk. 8:11). Much contemporary
preaching simply ignores Jesus as the preacher of the Gospel, reducing the faith to a “gospel of sin
management,” gutting it and depriving it of its central content, the Kingdom. A revival will occur when
we return to the Gospel preaching of Jesus about the Kingdom which is the foundation of the faith (Mk.
1:14-15). Obedience to Jesus begins with our intelligent response to Jesus in Mark 1:14-15. Equally
important is our intelligent compliance with the creed of Jesus defining God as a single Lord GOD
(Mk. 12:29). Jesus knew nothing of a triune God.
[879]
Belief in God’s revealed immortality plan found in the Gospel of the Kingdom preached first
by Jesus (Heb. 2:3) and then by all the NT writers.
[880]
Knowledge is an indispensable key to salvation. Isa. 53:11 states that the Messiah will “make
people right through his knowledge.” Isa. 5:13 and Hos. 4:6 lament the fact that people are destroyed
for lack of knowledge.
[881]
Applauding others who indulge in these various forms of evil conduct means guilt by
association.
Romans