When Jesus had finished all these words, he said to his disciples, 2 “You know that the Passover will be in two days’ time, and the Son of Man
is to be handed over to be crucified.” 3 Then the chief priests and the elders of the people assembled in the
courtyard of the high priest, Caiaphas. 4 They plotted to seize Jesus on some
pretext and kill him. 5 But they were saying, “Let us not do this during the
festival, or the people might riot.” 6 While Jesus was in Bethany, at Simon the leper’s house, 7 a woman came
over to him with an alabaster jar of very expensive perfume. She poured it on
Jesus’ head while he was sitting eating. But when the disciples saw what she
did, they were indignant. 8 “What is all this waste for?” they questioned. 9 “This perfume could have been sold at a high price and the money given to
the poor.” 10 Aware of what they were thinking, Jesus said to them, “Why are
you upset at this woman? She has done something good for me. 11 You will
always have the poor with you, but you will not always have me. 12 In pouring
this perfume on my body she has prepared me for burial. 13 I am telling you
the truth: wherever this Gospel[207] is preached in the whole world, what this
woman has done will also be reported, in memory of her.” 14 Then Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went to the chief priests15 and
asked them, “What will you give me for handing Jesus over to you?” They
paid him thirty silver coins. 16 From then on he looked for an opportunity to
betray Jesus. 17 On the first day of the festival of unleavened bread,[208]
the disciples
came to Jesus and asked him, “Where do you want us to prepare the Passover
meal for you?”
[209] 18 Jesus said, “Go into the city and find this particular man,
and say to him, ‘The teacher says, “My time is near. I am coming to keep the
Passover at your house with my disciples.”’” 19 The disciples did as Jesus had
told them, and they prepared the Passover meal. 20 When evening came he sat down to eat with the twelve disciples. 21 While
they were eating he said to them, “I am telling you the truth: one of you is
going to betray me.” 22 Terribly upset, each one of them began asking him,“lord, it is not me, is it?” 23 Jesus replied, “The one who dipped his hand into the dish with me is the one who will betray me. 24 The Son of Man will go
just as it is written about him, but shame on the man by whom the Son of
Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had never been born.” 25 Judas, the one who betrayed Jesus, asked, “It is not me, is it, rabbi?” Jesus replied, “You said it.” 26 While they were eating, Jesus took some bread and blessed it. Then he
broke it and gave it to the disciples. “Take and eat this. It is my body,” Jesus
said. 27 Then he took a cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them. “Drink from it,
all of you,” he said to them. 28 “This is my blood which ratifies the covenant,[210]
poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.
[211] 29 But I tell you, I will
not drink this fruit of the vine[212]
from now on until that day when I drink it
new with you in the Kingdom[213] of my Father.”
30 After they had sung a
song, they went to the Mount of Olives. 31 “All of you will fall away because of me tonight,” Jesus said to them. “It is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the flock of sheep will be scattered.’ 32 But after I have been raised, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.” 33 But Peter
objected, “Even if everyone else falls away because of you, I will never fall
away.” 34 Jesus said to him, “I am telling you the truth: this very night, before a rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” 35 Peter insisted, “Even if I have to die with you, I will never deny you.” All the disciples said the same thing. 36 Then Jesus went with his disciples to a place called Gethsemane and said
to them, “Sit down here while I go over there and pray.” 37 He took Peter and
the two sons of Zebedee with him, and he began to suffer sorrow and distress. 38 Then he said to them, “I am deeply grieved to the point of death. Wait here
and stay awake with me.” 39 He went a little further, fell face down, and prayed, “My Father, if
possible, let this cup of suffering pass from me, yet not as I will but as You
will.” 40 He returned to the disciples and found them asleep. He said to Peter,
“You could not stay awake with me for one hour? 41 Stay awake and pray, so
that you do not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is
weak.” 42 He went away a second time and prayed, “My Father, if this cannot pass away unless I drink it, then may Your will be done.” 43 He went back and
found them sleeping, because their eyes were heavy with sleep. 44 Then he left
them once more, went off and prayed a third time, saying the same things. 45 Then he returned to the disciples and said to them, “Are you still sleeping
and resting? Look, the time has come, and the Son of Man is being betrayed
into the hands of sinners. 46 Get up; let us go! Look, the one who is betraying
me is here.” 47 While he was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, arrived with a
large crowd armed with swords and clubs. They had been sent by the chief
priests and elders of the people. 48 The betrayer had given them a signal: “The
one I kiss, that is him — arrest him.” 49 Immediately Judas came up to Jesus
and said, “Hello, rabbi,” and kissed him. 50 “My friend, do what you came to
do,” Jesus said to Judas. So they came and seized Jesus, and arrested him. 51 One of those with Jesus reached for his sword and pulled it out, and
struck the high priest’s servant, cutting off his ear. 52 Then Jesus said to him,
“Put your sword away. Everyone who picks up the sword will perish by the
sword.[214] 53 Do you think I cannot ask my Father, and He would send me at
once more than twelve legions of angels? 54 Then how will the Scriptures be
fulfilled which say that it must happen like this?” 55 Then Jesus said to the crowds, “Have you come with swords and clubs to
arrest me as if I was a criminal?[215] Every day I used to sit in the temple
teaching and you did not arrest me. 56 But all this has happened to fulfill the
Scriptures of the prophets.” Then all the disciples deserted him and ran away. 57 Those who had arrested Jesus took him to Caiaphas, the high priest,
where the religious teachers and elders were gathered. 58 Peter followed him at
a distance as far as the courtyard of the high priest. He sat there with the
guards to see the outcome. 59 The chief priests and the whole council were trying to find some false
evidence against Jesus, so that they could kill him. 60 But they could not find
anything, even though many false witnesses came forward. Eventually two
came forward 61 and reported, “This man said, ‘I can destroy God’s temple
and rebuild it in three days.’” 62 The high priest stood up and asked Jesus,
“Are you not going to say anything in reply? What is it that these men are
testifying against you?” 63 But Jesus remained silent. The high priest said to him, “I place you under oath by the living God. Tell us whether you are the
Messiah, the Son of God.” 64 Jesus replied, “You have said so.[216] And I tell you that in the future you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the One with power,[217] and coming on the clouds of heaven.”
[218] 65 Then the high priest tore his clothes and said, “He has blasphemed! Why
do we need any further witness? Look, you have now heard the blasphemy! 66 What is your decision?” They answered, “He deserves to die!” 67 Then they spat in his face and beat him with their fists. Some of them
slapped him 68 and said, “Prophesy to us, you ‘Messiah’ — who just hit you?” 69 Meanwhile Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard, and a servant girl
came up to him and said, “You were with Jesus the Galilean too.” 70 But he
denied it in front of everyone. “I do not know what you are talking about,” he
said. 71 He went out into the entrance way where someone else saw him and
said to the people there, “This man was with Jesus of Nazareth.” 72 Once again
he denied it with an oath, “I do not know this man.” 73 A little while later the
people standing there came up to Peter and said, “You really are one of them.
Your accent gives you away.” 74 Then he started to curse and swear, “I do not
know the man!” And immediately a rooster crowed. 75 Then Peter
remembered what Jesus had said to him: “Before a rooster crows, you will
deny me three times.” He went out and wept bitterly.
Commentary
Matthew
[206]
This is the fifth occurrence of the expression “when Jesus had finished these words.” Matthew helps us to think of Jesus as the second Moses, whose words were recorded in the five books of the Law (cp. Deut. 31:1). Jesus’ saving Gospel (Heb. 2:3), “the word about the Kingdom” (Mt. 13:19) consists of his many words.
[207]
“This Gospel” is understood by the original Christian community as “this Gospel about the
Kingdom” (Mt. 24:14). No one had the slightest confusion about the meaning, but today churchgoers
do not use the phrase “Gospel of the Kingdom” and would be hard-pressed to define it properly.
[208]
“The synoptic Gospels present the last supper as a Passover meal that took place at the normal time, i.e. on 15 Nisan, which began at sundown on Thursday” (Word Biblical Commentary on Matthew 14-28, p. 763). The lamb was slain on the afternoon towards the end of the 14th Nisan (Thursday afternoon). The point is perfectly clear and is stated in many commentaries. John can be harmonized with this dating. There is no disagreement.
[209]
This was obviously on the same day and at the same time as the nation. The Passover was celebrated at the beginning (evening) of the 15th Nisan, the lamb being slain on the afternoon of the 14th just before.
[210]
That is, the blood necessary for ratifying, bringing into force, the New Covenant, based on all
Jesus’ words. In Lk. 22:29 Jesus “covenanted” the Kingdom to his followers. The parallel with the Old
Covenant made in the time of Moses is obvious (Ex. 24:8; Zech. 9:11; cp. Heb. 9:20).
[211]
The suffering servant and his death is the basis for this teaching, Isa. 53:12.
[212]
This is wine, of course, as the symbol of celebration and joy, appropriate for a feast.
[213]
Belief in that coming Kingdom of Messiah on a renewed earth is the basis of the saving Gospel
(Mk. 1:14-15).
[214]
One of the very striking non-violence, love your enemies statements of Jesus. This radical
teaching indicts the use of violence even against enemies. Christian participation in violence is
condemned by this saying of Jesus.
[215]
That is, an insurrectionist.
[216]
Implying, “you have spoken the truth.”
[217]
A reference to the key Psalm 110:1 where the second lord is adoni, my lord, never a title of
Deity. Jesus rightly defines the one at the right hand of God as “son of man,” human being, not God.
Jesus never claimed to be GOD, i.e. Yahweh, which would have meant that there were two who are
God, thus two Gods! The later councils attempted to follow this rather obvious departure into
polytheism by creating a philosophical, non-biblical concept of abstract “oneness.” For Jews and Jesus
God was one Person, the Father (Mal. 2:10). “God” means the Father 1300 times in the NT and
thousands of occurrences of the various words for “God” in the Bible never mean a triune God.
[218]
Having received the right to the Kingdom, and coming at his Parousia to rule the world from
Jerusalem. Luke 19:11ff describes the same outline of future history. Jesus sits currently at the right
hand of God in heaven awaiting the moment when he will subdue his enemies (Ps. 2) at his coming in
glory (Heb. 10:13).
Matthew