Then Jesus spoke to the crowds and to his disciples:“The religious
teachers and the Pharisees have seated themselves in the chair of Moses,so
do what they tell you. But do not do as they do, because they do not practice
what they preach.They tie up heavy burdens and put these burdens on
people’s shoulders, but they themselves will not lift a finger to carry them.Everything they do is so that people will notice them. They make themselves
extra wide prayer boxes to wear and extra long tassels on their clothes.They
love places of honor at banquets and the chief seats in the synagogues.They
love respectful greetings in the market places, and being addressed as
‘Rabbi.’ But do not be called ‘Rabbi.’ Only one is your master-teacher, and
you are all brothers.Do not give anyone on earth the title ‘Father.’ Only one
Person is your Father, who is in heaven.Do not be called ‘Leader.’ Only
one person is your leader, the Messiah.Whoever is the greatest among you
will be your servant.Anyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and anyone who humbles himself will be exalted.“But shame on you, religious teachers and Pharisees, you hypocrites!
You slam the door of the Kingdom of Heaven shut in people’s faces. You do
not go in yourselves, nor do you allow those entering to go in.[Shame on
you, religious teachers and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You devour widows’
houses, and make a show of long prayers; therefore you will receive greater
condemnation.] 15 “Shame on you, religious teachers and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You
travel over sea and land to make just one convert, and when you do, you
make him twice a candidate for Gehenna-fire[181] as yourselves. 16 “Shame on you, blind guides who say, ‘If you swear by the Temple, that
is nothing, but if you swear by the gold of the Temple, then you are bound to
keep your oath.’ Blind idiots! 17 What is more important — the gold, or the
Temple that makes the gold holy? 18 You say, ‘If you swear by the altar, that is
nothing, but if you swear by the sacrifice on the altar, then you are bound to
keep your oath.’ 19 You are so blind! What is more important — the sacrifice,
or the altar that makes the sacrifice holy? 20 Anyone who swears by the altar
swears by it and by everything on it. 21 Anyone who swears by the Temple
swears by it and by Him who lives in it. 22 Anyone who swears by heaven
swears by the throne of God and by Him who sits on it. 23 “Shame on you, religious teachers and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You
pay a tithe of mint, dill, and cumin, but you neglect the weightier matters of
the Law — justice, mercy, and faith. These are the things you should have
done without neglecting the others. 24 You blind guides — filtering out a gnat
and swallowing a camel! 25 “Shame on you, religious teachers and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You
clean the outside of the cup and the plate, but inside you are full of greed and
self-indulgence. 26 You blind Pharisee, first clean the inside of the cup and the
plate, so that the outside may become clean too. 27 “Shame on you, religious teachers and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You
are like white-washed tombs, which look good on the outside but inside are
full of skeletons and all kinds of unclean things. 28 In the same way, on the
outside you appear to others to be good people, but on the inside you are full
of hypocrisy and law-breaking. 29 “Shame on you, religious teachers and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You build memorial tombs for the prophets, and decorate the tombs of the
righteous, 30 and you say, ‘If we had lived in our forefathers’ times we would
not have joined them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ 31 By saying this
you testify against yourselves that you belong to those who murdered the
prophets. 32 Go on and finish off what your forefathers started! 33 You snakes,
you brood of vipers, how can you escape the judgment of Gehenna-fire? 34 “Look, that is why I am sending you prophets, wise men, and scholars.[182] Some of them you will kill, some of them you will crucify, and some of
them you will flog in your synagogues and chase from town to town. 35 As a
result, you will be held accountable for all the righteous blood shed on earth,
from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berechiah,[183] whom you killed between the temple and the altar. 36 I am telling you the
truth: the consequences of all this will come down on this evil society. 37 “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those who are
sent to her! So often I wanted to gather your children as a mother hen gathers
her chicks under her wings — but you were unwilling.
[184] 38 Now look —
your house is left abandoned, deserted.
39 I tell you, you will not see me again
until you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord.’”
[185]
Commentary
Matthew
[180]
Verse 14 is not found in early manuscripts.
[181]
“Son of Gehenna” means one who is destined to be destroyed in the consuming fire of hell.
Gehenna, hell-fire, is to be carefully distinguished from Hades (sheol in Hebrew), the place of all the
dead, good and bad, until resurrection. Gehenna begins only at the second coming (Rev. 19:20; cp. Isa.
31:6-9). At present all the dead are asleep, unconscious in the realm of the dead, Hades (Dan. 12:2; Isa.
38:18; Ps. 104:29; 146:4).
[182]
That is, genuine Christian scholars who teach the truth.
[183]
This murder is described in 2 Chronicles. Jesus’ remark refers to the fact that from Genesis to 2
Chronicles, the faithful had been mistreated. 2 Chronicles is the last book in the Hebrew Bible which
has the same books exactly as our Old Testament but in a different order (see Lk. 24:44).
[184]
Jesus was no Calvinist in his view of predetermination! Jesus shows here that human beings can resist the will of God and that they are responsible for making the right choice. Cp. Luke 7:30: “the Pharisees resisted the will of God for themselves” and Acts 13:46, where potential converts judged themselves “unworthy of the life of the age to come.”
[185]
A remnant of Jews, the descendants of the ones Jesus addressed, will finally accept Jesus as the
Messiah when he returns to establish the Kingdom of God on earth at his Second Coming (see Rom. 9-
11). It is then that Jesus will sit on David’s throne (Lk. 1:32; Rev. 3:21).
Matthew