At that time Jesus went through the grain fields on the Sabbath day, and
his disciples were hungry and began to pick the heads of grain and eat.But
when the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, “Look! Your disciples aredoing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath.”But he said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry,how
he entered the house of God and they ate the consecrated bread, which was
not lawful for them to eat, but only for the priests?Or have you not read in the Law that on the Sabbath day the priests in the temple break the Sabbath, and are innocent? 6 But I say to you that one greater than the temple is
here. 7 But if you had understood this: ‘I want mercy, and not sacrifice,’ you
would not have condemned the innocent. 8 For the Son of Man is lord of the
Sabbath.”[122] 9 Departing from there, he went into their synagogue. 10 A man who had a
withered hand was there. Looking for a reason to accuse Jesus, they asked
him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?”11 He replied, “Which of you who
has a sheep, and if it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will not take hold of it
and pull it out? 12 How much more valuable is a person than a sheep! So then
it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.”13 Then he said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out, and it was restored to normal, just like the other hand.
14 But the Pharisees went out and conspired together as to how
they might destroy him. 15 But Jesus, aware of this, left there. Large crowds followed him and he
healed them all. 16 He ordered them not to make him known,17 so that what was spoken by Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled: 18 “Look, My servant whom I have chosen, My beloved with whom I am pleased. I will put My spirit on him, and he will proclaim justice to the nations. 19 He will not
struggle or cry out, nor will anyone hear his voice in the streets. 20 A bruised
reed he will not break, and a smoldering wick he will not put out, until he
leads justice to victory,[123]21 And in his name the nations will hope.” 22 Then there was brought to him a demonized[124] man, who was blind and
mute. Jesus healed him, so that the mute man was able to both speak and see. 23 All the crowds were amazed and were saying, “Could this man be the son of David?” 24 But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “This man
only casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons.” 25 Jesus knew
their thoughts and said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is
ruined, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand. 26 If Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand? 27 And if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your people cast
them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 28 But if I cast out demons by
the spirit of God, then the Kingdom of God has come upon you.[125] 29 How
can anyone enter a strong man’s house and take his belongings unless he first
ties up the strong man? If you tie him up first, then you can take away all his
belongings. 30 He who is not with me is against me, and he who does not
gather with me scatters. 31 Because of this I say to you: every sin and
blasphemy will be forgiven people, but blasphemy against the spirit will not
be forgiven. 32 Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man[126]
will be
forgiven. But whoever speaks against the holy spirit will not be forgiven,
either in this present age or in the Age to Come.[127] 33 “Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and
its fruit bad, because the tree is known by its fruit. 34 You brood of vipers, how
can you, being evil, speak good things? For the mouth speaks from what fills
the heart.[128] 35 The good person from his good treasure brings out good
things, and the evil person from his evil treasure brings out evil things. 36 I say to you that every useless word that people say, they will give an account of it on the Day of Judgment. 37 For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.” 38 Then some of the religious teachers and Pharisees said to him, “Teacher,
we want to see a miraculous sign from you.” 39 But he answered them, “An
evil and unfaithful people craves a miraculous sign, and no sign will be given
to them except the sign of the prophet Jonah: 40 Just as Jonah was in the belly
of the great fish for three days and three nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights.[129] 41 The people of
Nineveh will stand up in the judgment and will condemn this evil society,
because they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and look: someone greater
than Jonah is here! 42 The Queen of the South will be resurrected in the
judgment and condemn this evil society, because she came from the ends of
the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and look: someone greater than
Solomon is here! 43 “Now when an evil spirit goes out of a person, it passes through
waterless places looking for rest, and does not find it. 44 Then it says, ‘I will
go back to my house which I came from.’ When it goes back it finds the
house empty, swept, and put in order. 45 Then it goes and brings along seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they all go in and live there. And the last state of that person is worse than the first. So it will be for this evil society also.” 46 While he was still speaking to the crowds, his mother and his brothers
stood outside, wanting to talk with him. 47 Someone said to him, “Look, your
mother and your brothers are standing outside, wanting to talk with you.” 48 But Jesus replied to that person, “Who is my mother, and who are my
brothers?” 49 Gesturing toward his disciples, he said, “Look — my mother and
my brothers! 50 For whoever does the will of my Father who is in heaven is
my brother, and sister, and mother.”
Commentary
Matthew
[121]
Anticipating here the later clearer teaching (Col. 2:16-17) that the weekly Sabbath, a part of the
trio of Jewish OT calendar observances, is not binding in the New Covenant headed by Jesus and his
followers. Col. 2:16-17 includes, of course, the weekly Sabbath.
[122]
How the Sabbath is dealt with in the teaching of Jesus emerges as further truth unfolded, i.e. in
the writings of Paul (esp. Col. 2:16-17 where the entire calendar is a single shadow now replaced by the
living power and operational presence of the risen Christ). If one teaches people obligatory observance
of the calendar, one is moving away from Christ back into the shadows, going back under the letter of
the Law (Gal. 3:19-29).
[123]
By subduing his enemies and introducing the first successful world government, the Kingdom
of God, at his return in glory.
[124]
The human being who is demonized is carefully distinguished in the synoptic narratives from
the demons, who are evil supernatural personalities.
[125]
Meaning, of course, that the power and authority of God’s Kingdom had dramatically affected
that individual’s life — not that the Messianic Kingdom had been established on earth, which will
happen only when Jesus comes back.
[126]
The supreme human being, introduced in Daniel.
[127]
The unpardonable sin means attributing to the Devil what is the demonstrable activity of God.
See also Heb. 10:26ff which speaks of the fate of those who have truly been enlightened and come to
the knowledge of the truth and then turn back to the world (cp. 2 Pet. 2:21-22). There remains for them
no further sacrifice for sin. It would have been better for them never to have known the truth.
[128]
“As a man thinks, so is he” (Prov. 23:7).
[129]
It is a mistake to read this time idiom in a western fashion, requiring a full 72 hours. This
throws the major, repeated evidence into confusion. Jesus was crucified on the Jewish preparation day,
which is Friday, and he rose on the third day, Sunday. Luke’s inclusive reckoning is more than clear
(Lk. 24:21). See notes on Luke relative to the predicted “third day” for the resurrection. “Sabbath was
approaching…They prepared spices…and rested on the sabbath” (Lk. 23:54, 56). It would be a
completely confusing account if Luke wanted his readers to understand two different days by
“sabbath.” Sabbath in the NT means Saturday and the Saturday sabbath as falling in the Passover week
was a special sabbath (Jn. 19:31, NIV). It was still Saturday, the Saturday of Passover week. John uses
“Passover” to mean the entire festival, not just the meal eaten on the 15
th Nisan. Jesus, as the synoptics
say unmistakably, ate the Passover meal at the same time as the nation. He died the next day, Friday
and rose on the third day which counting inclusively was Sunday (Lk. 24:21 is decisive). See Luke
13:32-33 for inclusive reckoning.
Matthew