Then the whole council got up and took him to Pilate.They began to accuse him. “We discovered this man misleading our nation, forbidding them to pay taxes to Caesar, and claiming to be Messiah, a king,” they said. 3 So
Pilate asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” He answered, “As you
say.” 4 Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I do not find this man
guilty of anything.” 5 But they kept on insisting and said, “He stirs up the
people with his teaching all over Judea, starting from Galilee all the way
here.” 6 When he heard this, Pilate asked if Jesus was a Galilean. 7 When he realized that Jesus came under Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod
who was also in Jerusalem at that time. 8 Herod was very happy when he saw Jesus, because he had been wanting
to see him for a long time. He had heard a lot about him and hoped to see him
perform a miracle. 9 So he questioned him for a long time, but Jesus did not
reply at all. 10 The chief priests and religious teachers stood there, accusing
him vigorously. 11 Herod and his soldiers humiliated and mocked Jesus,
dressed him in a royal robe, and then sent him back to Pilate. 12 That day
Herod and Pilate became friends with each other; before that they had been
enemies. 13 Pilate summoned the chief priests, the rulers, and the people, 14 and said
to them, “You brought this man before me, accusing him of inciting the
people to rebellion. I have examined him in your presence, and I do not find
him guilty of the charges you bring against him.15 Herod did not find him
guilty either, because he sent him back to us. Indeed he has done nothing
worthy of the death penalty.
16 So I will have him flogged and let him go.” 17 [Now he was meant to release one prisoner to them at the feast.]
[488] 18 But the whole crowd shouted all together, “Away with this man, and
release Barabbas for us.” 19 He was a man who had been thrown into prison
for a rebellion in the city, and for murder. 20 Pilate, wanting to release Jesus,
spoke to them again, 21 but they went on shouting, “Crucify him! Crucify
him!” 22 For the third time Pilate asked them, “Why? What has he done
wrong? I do not find him worthy of the death sentence, so I will have him
flogged and release him.”
23 But they kept insisting, loudly demanding that he
be crucified, and their shouts won out. 24 Pilate pronounced sentence as they
demanded. 25 He released the man they were asking for, who had been
imprisoned for rebellion and murder, while he handed Jesus over to them, to
do what they wanted with him. 26 As they led him away, they seized a man, Simon from Cyrene, who was
coming in from the countryside, and placed the cross on him to carry it
behind Jesus. 27 A large crowd of people followed him, and women mourning
and lamenting him. 28 But Jesus turned to them and said, “Daughters of
Jerusalem, stop weeping for me, but weep for yourselves and your children, 29 because the time is coming when people will say, ‘Blessed are those who are childless, and those who never had babies, and those who never nursed
them.’ 30 Then they will be saying to the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us up!’
31 For if they are doing these things when the tree is alive, what
will happen when it is withered?” 32 Two others, who were criminals, were also being led out to be put to
death with Jesus. 33 When they came to the place called the Skull they
crucified him there with the criminals, one on the right and the other on the
left. 34 Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, because they do not know what they
are doing.” They threw dice to divide up his clothes among them. 35 The
people stood there watching, while the leaders ridiculed him: “He saved other
people, so let him save himself if he really is the Messiah of God, His chosen
one.” 36 The soldiers also mocked him, coming up to him and offering him sour wine. 37 “If you are the King of the Jews, then save yourself!” they
jeered. 38 Above Jesus was a sign which read, “This is the King of the Jews.” 39 One of the criminals hanging there insulted Jesus: “Are you not the
Messiah? Then save yourself and us!” 40 But the other criminal reprimanded
him: “Do you not even fear God when you are condemned to die? And in our
case the sentence is correct because we are getting what we deserve for what
we did, but this man has done nothing wrong.” 42 And he said, “Jesus,
remember me when you come bringing in your Kingdom.” 43 Jesus said to
him, “Truly I tell you today, you will indeed be with me in paradise.”
[489] 44 It was then about noon, and it became dark over the whole land until
three o’clock. 45 The sun stopped shining, and the Temple veil was torn in
two.
46 Jesus cried out, “Father, into Your hands I commit my spirit,”[490]
and
then he breathed his last. 47 When the centurion saw what happened he praised
God and said, “There is no doubt that this man was innocent.” 48 And all the
crowds who had gathered to watch, when they saw what happened went back
beating their chests with grief. 49 All who knew him, and the women who had
accompanied him from Galilee, watched from a distance. 50 There was a man named Joseph, a council member, a good and honest
man. 51 He had not agreed to the plan and actions of the council. He was from
the Jewish town of Arimathea, and he was waiting for the Kingdom of God.
[491] 52 He went to Pilate and asked for Jesus’ body. 53 He took it down and
wrapped it in a linen cloth. He laid Jesus in a tomb cut into the rock, which had not been used before. 54 It was preparation day, and the Sabbath day was
about to begin.
[492] 55 The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee
followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid.
56 Then they went
home and prepared burial spices and perfumes. On the Sabbath[493]
they rested
according to the commandment.
[494]
Commentary
Luke
[487]
This is exactly “the lord Messiah” who had been born in Bethlehem (Lk. 2:11). God cannot be
born! No one accused Jesus of claiming to be YHVH. The worst they could say was that he claimed to
be the Messiah, Son of God and of David, who would be seated in heaven with the Father.
[488]
Early manuscripts do not contain v. 17.
[489]
The future paradise is mentioned in Rev. 2:7. The promised future restoration of paradise on
earth was guaranteed by Isa. 51:3, where “garden” is paradise in the Greek LXX. Jesus was not in that
Kingdom the day he died (he was asleep in the tomb). On the following Sunday he had still not yet
ascended to the Father. And in Acts 2:31-32 Peter said that God had not abandoned the person Jesus to
the realm of the dead, but had brought him back to life and out of “gravedom,” the world of the dead by
resurrection which occurred on the third day (Sunday).
[490]
This request has nothing to do with a conscious survival of Jesus at death. He is simply putting
himself into God’s hands as he dies, knowing that God will resurrect him on the third day (Sunday).
David used the same language when not dying, simply commending himself to God’s care (Ps. 31:5).
Stephen, the whole person, fell asleep in the sleep of death (Ps. 13:3) and had similarly entrusted
himself to GOD (Acts 7:59- 60).
[491]
Showing clear evidence that the Kingdom, the heart of the Christian Gospel, was something which had not yet arrived, even after the death of Jesus. The expectation and hope of original Christianity is for the future arrival of the world government and Kingdom of Messiah which he will introduce at his return to the earth. This good news for a suffering and distracted world is the core of the Christian Gospel. Belief in that Kingdom was the subject of Jesus’ first, foremost and fundamental command (Mk. 1:14-15).
[492]
The afternoon of Friday which was preparation day. Sabbath began at sunset.
[493]
The article on “the sabbath” here points back naturally to the sabbath mentioned in v. 54. Luke
would be an extremely poor and confusing historian and writer if he intended two different “sabbaths”!
Some have claimed, very confusingly, that there was a sabbath on Thursday and another on Saturday.
No reader of Luke could possibly have imagined this. The NT speaks only of Saturday as Sabbath
(even in Jn. 19:31, where the reference is to the weekly Sabbath falling in Passover week and being of
special importance for that reason). Friday is prosabbaton or paraskeue (preparation). Jesus was
crucified on Friday and raised on “the third day,” Sunday. Luke 24:21 is decisive and definitive on this
point, since Sunday is the third day since Friday. Matt. 12:40 is a Hebraic idiom where three days and
nights stand for part of that total.
[494]
As the New Covenant was later offered to Gentiles of all nations, the requirements of the
calendar law in the letter were changed to obedience in the spirit. Thus in Col. 2:16-17 the Jewish
calendar is a single “trio” of observances constituting a mere shadow of what was to come. What came,
as the context in Col. 2 shows, was Christ and his exaltation to the right hand of the Father. Paul
worked hard against those who advocated a regression to the letter of the law given to Moses.
Luke