Jesus went out to the Mount of Olives.
At dawn he made his way to the
temple complex again and all the people were coming to hear him teach. He
sat down and began teaching them.Then the religious teachers and Pharisees brought a
woman caught in adultery and made her stand in front of them.
They said to
him, “Teacher, this woman was caught in the very act of committing
adultery.According to the law, Moses commanded us to stone women like
this. So what do you propose?”
They asked this in order to trap Jesus, so that
they might have evidence to accuse him. Jesus stooped down and began
writing on the ground with his finger.When they persisted with their
question, he stood up and said to them, “Whoever is without sin among you should be the first to throw a rock at her.”Then Jesus stooped down again
and continued to write on the ground.When they saw this they left one by
one starting with the older men. Only Jesus was left, with the woman
standing with him.
When Jesus stood up he said to her, “Woman, where are
your accusers? Has no one condemned you?”She answered him, “No one,
lord.” Jesus said, “I do not condemn you either. So leave, but do not sin
anymore.”Then Jesus spoke to them again: “I am the light
of the world. Anyone
who follows me and my teaching will never walk in the darkness but will
have the light of life.” 13 So the Pharisees said to him, “You are testifying
about yourself, so your testimony is invalid.” Jesus answered,
14 “Even if I
testify about myself, my testimony is indeed valid, because I know where I
came from and where I am going, but you do not know where I come from or
where I am going.15 You are using external, unspiritual standards to judge. I
am judging no one.
16 But if I do judge, my judgment is true because I am not
alone, but I and the Father who commissioned me are united in our judgment.
17 Even in your law it is written that the witness of two men[612]
is valid. 18 I am
the one who testifies about myself, and the Father who commissioned me
testifies about me also.”
19 So then they were asking him, “Where is your
father?” Jesus answered, “You recognize neither me nor my Father. If you
knew me you would also recognize my Father.”
[613] 20 He spoke these words
by the treasury, while teaching in the temple complex. But no one arrested
him, because his decisive hour had not yet come. 21 Then he said to them again, “I am going away; you will search for me
and you will die in your sins. Where I am going, you cannot come.” 22 So the
Jews said again, “Is he going to kill himself, since he says, ‘Where I am
going you cannot come’?”
23 Jesus replied, “You are from below; I am from
above. You are of this world; I am not of this world. 24 That is why I told you
that you will die in your sins. For if you do not believe that I am he, the
Messiah,[614]
you will die in your sins.” 25 They asked him, “Who are you?”
Jesus replied, “Precisely what I have been telling you from the very
beginning.
26 I have a lot more things to say to you which judge you, but the One who
commissioned me is true, and what I have heard from him — that is what I
am announcing to the world.” 27 They did not know that he was speaking to them about the Father. 28 So Jesus said this, “When you lift up the Son of
Man, then you will know that I am he, the Messiah, and that I do nothing on
my own, but just as the Father taught me, so I speak. 29 The one who
commissioned me is with me. He has not left me alone, because I
continuously do what pleases Him.”
30 As he was saying these things, many
came to believe in him.
31 So Jesus said to the Jews who had believed him, “If you continue in my
Gospel-word, then you really are my disciples. 32 And you will know the
truth[615]
and that truth will set you free.” 33 They answered, “We are
descendants of Abraham, and we have never been enslaved to anyone. How
then can you say, ‘You will become free’?”
34 Jesus responded, “I assure you of this: everyone who commits sin is a
slave of sin.
35 A slave does not remain a member of the household forever,
but a son does remain forever. 36 Therefore if the son sets you free, you really
will be free. 37 I recognize that you are descendants of Abraham, but you are
trying to kill me because my Gospel-word makes no progress in you.
[616] 38 I
speak what I have learned and understood[617]
in the presence of my Father,
and you do what you have heard from your father.” 39 They said, “Our father is Abraham!” Jesus replied to them, “If you were
Abraham’s children, you would be doing what Abraham did, 40 but in fact you
are trying to kill me, a man who has told you the truth, the truth which I heard
from God. Abraham certainly did not do this! 41 You are doing exactly what
your father does.” They said, “We were not born of sexual immorality.[618]
We have one Father – God.”
[619] 42 Jesus said to them, “If God really was your
Father, you would love me, because I originated from God[620]
and I have
come here. I did not come on my own, but He commissioned me. 43 Why are
you incapable of understanding what I am saying to you? It is because you
cannot listen to and grasp my Gospel-word. 44 You are the products of your
father the Devil, and your desire is to carry out your father’s wishes. He was
a murderer from the beginning and has not remained in the truth, because
there is no truth in him. When he tells a lie, he speaks from his own nature,
because he is a liar and the father of liars. 45 Yet because I tell you the truth
you refuse to believe me.
46 Who among you can convict me of sin? If I tell
you the truth, why are you not believing me? 47 The person who is of God listens to and grasps God’s words. This is why you do not listen to those
words, because you are not of God.” 48 The Jews responded to him, “We are certainly right to say that you are a
Samaritan and have a demon.”
49 Jesus answered, “I do not have a demon. On
the contrary I am honoring my Father and you are dishonoring me.
50 I am not
seeking my own glory. There is One who seeks glory and judges. 51 I tell you,
if anyone keeps my Gospel-word he will ultimately not see death.”
52 Then the
Jews said, “Now we know for certain that you have a demon. Abraham died
and so did the prophets. But you say, ‘If anyone keeps my Gospel-word he
will never experience death’!
53 Are you greater than our father Abraham who
died? Even the prophets died. Who do you think you are?”
54 Jesus answered,
“If I glorify myself my glory amounts to nothing. My Father — of whom you
say He is our God — He is the one who glorifies me.
55 You have never come
to know Him, but I know Him. If I were to say I do not know Him, I would
be a liar just like you. But I do in fact know Him, and I keep His Gospel-word.
56 Your father Abraham was overjoyed at the prospect that he would see
my day. He saw it and rejoiced looking forward to the future.”
57 The Jews
replied, “You are not even fifty years old yet, and yet you have seen
Abraham?”
58 Jesus said to them, “Let me assure you on the highest authority,
before Abraham ever existed, I am the Messiah.”
[621] 59 Hearing those words,
they picked up rocks to throw at him. But Jesus was hidden and left the
temple complex.
Commentary
John
[611]
Cp. the prologue where the “word,” which is expressive of God, contains light. Jesus is what
that light became.
[612]
Jesus and God are two individuals, as much so as any two individuals. If both Father and Son
are equally God, that makes two who are God and thus two Gods, which is not monotheism.
[613]
Thus Thomas in 20:28 eventually came to understand that in seeing the Son you also see the
Father: “my lord and my God,” an address to two persons, the Father recognized in the Son (“the lord
of me and the God of me,” a double article and possessive pronoun suggesting two subjects).
[614]
The meaning of the Greek egoeimi, “I am [he]” is established by its first occurrence in a series.
This is found in John 4:26, where the meaning is obviously “I am the Messiah.” John wrote his whole
book to demonstrate this fact that Jesus is the Messiah (20:31).
[615]
“The truth” is elsewhere a designation of the saving Gospel, otherwise described as “the word,”
or “the word of God.” It must never be forgotten that the saving word/Gospel of Jesus is his Gospel
about the Kingdom of God. Belief in that Gospel and in Jesus as Messiah is the basis of the whole
Christian faith announced by Jesus in Mark 1:14-15. In Mark’s account the Kingdom means invariably
the Kingdom which will arrive in the future at Jesus’ Second Coming. Without a clear view of the
future (eschatology) there can be no grasp of the saving Gospel of the Kingdom as preached by Jesus.
[616]
The true believer is one in whom the Gospel of the Kingdom word of Jesus takes hold. The
death and resurrection of Jesus are of course equally indispensable.
[617]
There is no reference to a pre-human life here. Jesus learned from his Father during the course
of his life. Similarly his enemies learned from the Devil, their father.
[618]
With the vicious insinuation that Jesus was born illegitimately.
[619]
Their claim was to be monotheists in the sense taught by the Hebrew Bible: “Do we not all
have one Father? Has not one God created us?” (Mal. 2:10). Jesus of course was a Jewish monotheist in
the same sense, but the church in post-biblical times changed the meaning of “God” to denote a triune
God, which Jesus would not have recognized.
[620]
The origin (genesis) of Jesus is clearly laid out in Matt. 1:18, 20 and expressly also in Luke
1:35. John had these gospels before him and certainly agreed with his colleague writers of NT
Scripture.
[621]
That is, the Messiah planned in God’s great design for humanity. The “I am [he]” of John 4:26
retains the meaning John assigned to it at its first occurrence — “I am the Messiah.” It is also possible
to translate the Greek, “Before Abraham comes to be [in the resurrection] I am already alive.” Thus
Jesus proved his superiority to Abraham by alone being resurrected on the third day. Abraham will rise
from death at the future resurrection when Jesus returns (1 Cor. 15:23).
John