Now I declare to you, brothers and sisters, the Gospel I preached to you,
which you received, on which you stand firm.
It is by this Gospel that you are being saved — if you hold firmly to the Gospel-word which I preached to you. Otherwise you have believed for nothing.
3 For among matters of first importance,[1084]
I delivered to you what I also
received: that Messiah died for our sins according to the Scriptures;
4 that he
was buried and that he was raised on the third day,[1085]
according to the
Scriptures;
5 and that he appeared to Peter, then to the twelve.
6 After that he
appeared to over 500 brothers and sisters at once, most of whom are
still alive now, though some have fallen asleep in death.
[1086] 7 Then he appeared to James, and then to all the Apostles. 8 And last of all, as though to a child born
at the wrong time, he appeared to me also. 9 For I am the least of the Apostles,
who is not worthy to be called an Apostle because I persecuted the church of
God.
10 But by the grace of God I am what I am. His grace which was given to
me was not for nothing, but I have worked more than all of them — though
not I, but the grace of God with me. 11 So whether it is I or they, so we
proclaim and so you believed.
12 Now if it is preached that the Messiah has been raised from the dead,
how are some among you saying that there is no resurrection of the dead?
[1087] 13 If there is no resurrection of the dead, then Messiah has not been raised from
the dead either.
14 And if Messiah has not been raised, then our preaching is
pointless, and your faith is pointless too.
15 Indeed we would be false
witnesses of God because we would have testified against God that He raised
Messiah, whom He did not raise if the dead are not raised!
16 For if the dead are
not raised, then Messiah has not been raised either,
17 and if Messiah has not been raised, then your faith is useless, and you are still in your sins.
18 Then also those who have fallen asleep in death in
Messiah have perished.
[1088] 19 For if we have hoped in Messiah in this life only,
we should be pitied more than anyone!
20 But now Messiah has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those
who have fallen asleep in death. 21 For since death came through a human being, the resurrection of the dead also comes through a human being.
[1089] 22 For just as in Adam
all die, so in the Messiah all will be made alive.
[1090] 23 But each in his own
order: Messiah the first fruits, then those who belong to Messiah at his
coming.
[1091] 24 Later comes the end, when he will hand over the Kingdom[1092] to God who is the Father, after abolishing all rule, authority, and power. 25 For Messiah is destined to reign[1093]
until he has put all his enemies under
his feet.
26 The last enemy to be abolished is death. 27 For “He has put[1094] all things in subjection under his feet.” Of course when it says “all things” are put in subjection, it is evident that this does not include the One who subjected all things to him. 28 And when all things are subjected to him, then the
Son himself will also be subjected to the One who subjected all things to him,
so that God may be all in all. 29 Otherwise what do some of you mean by being baptized for the dead? If the dead are not raised at all, why then are people baptized for them? 30 And why do we live in danger every moment? 31 Brothers and sisters, I affirm by the pride in you which I have in Messiah Jesus our lord, I face death daily. 32 If I fought with
wild animals at Ephesus for human purposes, what did it benefit me? If the
dead are not raised, “Let us eat and drink, because tomorrow we die”! 33 Do
not be deceived: “Bad company corrupts good morals.” 34 Become sober and right-minded, and stop sinning. For some have no knowledge of God — I say
this to your shame. 35 But someone will say, “How are the dead raised? What kind of body will
they have?” 36 You foolish person! What you sow does not sprout into life
unless it dies. 37 And when you sow, you do not sow the plant it will grow
into, just the bare seed, whether wheat or something else. 38 But God gives it a body as He has planned, and each kind of seed grows into a different plant. 39 All bodies are not
the same, but humans have one kind of body, animals another, birds another,
and fish another. 40 There are also heavenly bodies and earthly bodies, and the brightness of the heavenly bodies differs from that of the earthly bodies. 41 The sun has one kind of brightness, the moon another, and the stars another. And one star differs from another star in brightness. 42 So it is with the resurrection of the dead. The body is sown mortal; it is resurrected immortal. 43 It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in honor and glory. It is
sown in weakness; it is raised in power. 44 It is sown a natural body; it is
raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body. 45 So as it is written, “The first man, Adam, became a living person”; the last
Adam became a life-imparting spirit. 46 Yet the spiritual did not come first, but
the natural. Then the spiritual came after that.
[1095] 47 The first man is of the
earth, made of dust. The second man is of heaven.
[1096] 48 As is the one
made from dust, so also are those made from dust, and as is the man of heaven,
so also are those who are of heaven.
49 As we have borne the image of the man of dust, we will also bear the image of the man of heaven.
50 Now I say this to you, brothers and sisters: Flesh and blood[1097]
cannot
inherit the Kingdom of God;[1098]
the perishable does not inherit the
imperishable.
51 Listen, I am revealing a mystery to you: We will not all fall asleep in death,[1099] but we will all be changed,
52 in a moment, in the blink of
an eye, at the last trumpet.[1100]
For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be resurrected unable ever to die again, and we will be changed.
[1101] 53 For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality.
54 When this perishable will have put on the imperishable, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then will happen the saying that is written: “Death has been swallowed up by victory.
55 Death, where
is your victory? Death, where is your sting?”
56 The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the Law.
57 But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory
through our lord Jesus Messiah.
58 So my beloved brothers and sisters, be
firm, immovable, always abounding in the lord’s work, knowing that your
labor in the lord is not for nothing.
Commentary
1 Corinthians
[1083]
Salvation in the NT is in three tenses of the verb. We were saved, and since we must continue,
we are being saved, and most importantly we will be saved at Messiah’s return. The proof of this point
is in Paul’s defining statement that “salvation is now closer to us than when we first believed” (Rom.
13:11). Salvation is a race to the finish, and no one gets a gold medal when the starting gun goes off!
[1084]
Paul mentions central, non-negotiable aspects of the Gospel, but he says expressly that these
are “are among items of first importance” (Thayer’s Lexicon: “among the first things delivered to you
by me”), not that they are the whole of the Gospel. The Kingdom of God is the basis and beginning of
the Gospel, from Jesus who first preached it (Mk. 1:14-15; Heb. 2:3; Acts 10:34-37) onwards. Paul
always preached the Gospel of the Kingdom (Acts 19:8; 20:24-25; 28:23, 30, 31). Thus the death and
resurrection of Jesus are among the key elements of the Gospel, but not the whole Gospel, since Jesus
preached the Kingdom as Gospel long before even mentioning his death which he first did in Matt.
16:21. 1 Cor. 15:1-3 has been misused constantly to deprive Jesus of his role as preacher of the Gospel
and also disastrously to pit Paul against Jesus! The one fatal thing is to suppress or eliminate the
words/teaching/Gospel preached by Jesus (1 Tim. 6:3; 2 John 7-9). The NT constantly warns against
this fatal pitfall. A most strikingly misleading statement is that of C.S. Lewis: “The Gospel is not in the
gospels” (Introduction to Letters to Young Churches, by J.B. Phillips). This is the diametric opposite of
the truth.
[1085]
Sunday is the third day since Friday and Luke 24:21 puts this fact beyond doubt. See Luke
13:32-33 for Jesus’ own inclusive reckoning: “today, tomorrow, and the third day” (cp. Hos. 6:2).
[1086]
For the sleep of death see Ps. 13:3; Ecc. 9:5, 10; Jn. 11:11, 14 and my The Amazing Aims andClaims of Jesus, appendices 4 and 5.
[1087]
Showing a tragic instability among some believers. The need for Paul’s apostolic call to return
to sanity is obvious..
[1088]
Proving that Paul did not believe in a post-mortem survival, but that gaining immortality
depended entirely on the future resurrection of believers (v. 23; Lk. 14:14, etc).
[1089]
Showing that Jesus is the second Adam, the head of God’s new creation, but not an eternal
God the Son. Adam was the son of God (Lk. 3:38) and Jesus is the Son of God, as defined by Luke
1:35. Jesus is the head of the new race of human beings. He came into existence from a woman (Gal.
4:4; Rom. 1:3).
[1090]
This of course implies that before coming back to life, being made alive, they are dead and
unconscious — not alive as disembodied spirits. The latter idea is entirely foreign to Scripture.
[1091]
That is, at his Second Coming, his Parousia. This is a single event, not divided into two
events separated by 7 years. The 70th
“week” is certainly future based on Dan. 9:24-27 but there is no
PRE-Tribulation rapture/resurrection. Jesus made no mention of any PRE-Tribulation
rapture/resurrection in Matt. 24, Mark 13, Luke 21, nor did Paul in Thessalonians. The future
resurrection of all the faithful will occur at the last trumpet, the seventh trumpet of Rev. 11:15-18. Paul
promised relief for Christians “at the revelation of Jesus from heaven in flaming fire taking vengeance
on his enemies” (2 Thess. 1:7-8). No one writing thus could possibly have imagined a “secret
rapture/resurrection” seven years earlier! And Jesus speaking to us Christians through the Apostles
warned his followers to flee to the mountains when the onset of the future Great Tribulation was about
to happen. The key sign for this is “when you see the Abomination of Desolation standing where HE
ought not to…” (Mk. 13:14). The participle estekota is masculine to signify a person as the
Abomination. In Daniel this antichrist is the King of the North and in Isaiah the Assyrian who will be
destroyed by the brightness of Jesus’ coming (see 2 Thess. 2:8, citing Isa. 11:4).
[1092]
The Kingdom here is its first stage, the millennium as revealed in Rev. 20:1-6. Jesus will reign
for that 1000 years and then present the Kingdom to God (v. 28). Rev. 5:10 summarizes the Kingdom
program.
[1093]
That is, Messiah will rule in the future millennial Kingdom, prior to the second resurrection
(Rev. 20:1-6).
[1094]
A past tense of prophecy from Ps. 8:6. We do not yet see everything subject to Jesus (Heb.
2:8). Cp. Isa. 9:6: “To us a child has been born; a son has been given,” expressed in the past tense but a
prophecy of the future.
[1095]
Showing of course that the first Adam came first and the spiritual man next, in that order. The
idea of a preexistent or pre-human Jesus would be in direct contradiction to Paul here.
[1096]
The now immortal Jesus will arrive from heaven at his return. “From his resurrection onwards
Messiah became to human faith the ‘man of heaven’” (G.G. Findlay, Expositor’s Greek NewTestament).
[1097]
“Flesh and blood”: as we are presently constituted.
[1098]
The inheritance of the Kingdom of God is always something for Christians which lies in the
future. We can obtain a taste of it now by receiving the spirit of the Kingdom as a downpayment and
guarantee. But the inheritance of the Kingdom on earth refers to the time when believers will possess
the Kingdom and rule and reign with Messiah in it (see Dan. 7:18, 22, 27, RSV). “Fear not, little flock,
because your Father is delighted to give you the Kingdom,” Jesus said (Lk. 12:32).
[1099]
The current popular phrases “pass away,” “pass on,” or “pass” are highly deceptive. They
mislead people into thinking that death is not really the cessation of life, but merely passing in a
different form to a different condition. This is the Devil’s original falsehood: “you will surely not die”
(Gen. 3:4). Resurrection in the Bible means a return from the state of death (which is not life!) to life
which will be endless., i.e. immortality and indestructibility. This is the Christian hope, on which faith
and love depend (Col. 1:4-5).
[1100]
The seventh and final trumpet of Rev. 11:15-18. This is the resurrection of the faithful of all
the ages (Dan 12:2).
[1101]
That is, from mortal to immortal, the staggering objective of God’s whole Gospel of the
Kingdom immortality plan (Jn. 1:1; Mk. 1:14-15).
1 Corinthians