For I do not want you to be ignorant, brothers and sisters. Our ancestors
were all under the cloud, and they all passed through the sea.
Symbolically,
they were “baptized into Moses” in the cloud and in the sea.
They all ate the
same spiritual food
and drank the same spiritual drink, because they drank
from a spiritual, “typical” rock that followed them. That rock was a
foreshadowing of the Messiah.
5 But with most of them God was not
pleased, and they were struck down in the wilderness.
6 Now these things happened as examples and “types”[1051]
for us, so that
we would not lust for evil things, as they lusted.
7 So do not be idolaters, as some
of them were, as it is written: “The people sat down to eat and drink, and
stood up to play.” 8 Let us not act immorally, as some of them did, and in a
single day 23,000 died. 9 Let us not test the Lord, as some of them did,
and they were killed by snakes.
10 And do not grumble, as some of them did,
and they were killed by the destroying angel. 11 These things happened to them as “types” and examples, and were written down as instruction for us,
on whom the ends of the ages have come.
12 So then if you think you stand, be
careful that you do not fall. 13 No temptation has come to you except what is
common to humans. God is faithful, and will not allow you to be tempted
beyond what you are able to bear, but with the temptation will provide a way
of escape so that you will be able to endure it.
14 So then, my beloved, run from idolatry.
15 I am speaking as to discerning
people, so decide for yourselves:
16 The cup of blessing which we bless,[1052]
is
it not a sharing in the blood of Messiah? The bread which we break, is it not a
sharing in the body of Messiah?
17 Because there is one bread, we who are
many are one body, since we all share the one bread.
18 Think about the Israel of
the flesh:[1053]
do not those who eat the sacrifices participate in the altar?
19 What am
I saying then? That meat sacrificed to idols is anything, or that an idol is
anything?
20 No, but I am saying that the things which the pagans sacrifice,
they are sacrificing to demons[1054]
and not to God. I do not want you to participate with demons! 21 You cannot drink the cup of the lord and the cup
of demons; you cannot eat from the lord’s table and the table of demons. 22 Are we trying to provoke the lord to jealousy? Are we stronger than he is?
23 “Everything is lawful” — but not everything is beneficial! “Everything is
lawful” — but not everything builds others up! 24 No one should seek his own
good, but the good of others. 25 Whatever is sold in the meat market you can
eat without asking any questions for the sake of conscience,
26 because “the earth
belongs to the Lord, and everything on it is His.” 27 If an unbeliever
invites you to a meal, and you decide to go, eat whatever is set before you
without asking any questions for the sake of conscience. 28 But if someone says to you, “This food was offered to an idol,” do not eat it for the sake of the one who told you, and for the sake of conscience. 29 I mean his conscience,
not your own. For why is my personal freedom being judged by another’s conscience? 30 If I eat with thankfulness, why am I to be blamed for something I give
thanks for? 31 So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it for the glory of
God. 32 Give no offense, either to Jews or to Gentiles or to the church of God, 33 just as I am trying to please everyone in all things. I do not seek my own good, but the good of the many, so that they may be saved.
Commentary
1 Corinthians
[1050]
Paul did not believe in a literal Messiah living in OT times! His language is clear here: the
rock and other events and items in the history of Israel were foreshadowings of the NT and of Messiah.
There was no literal “walking rock.” Baptism is not literally in a cloud — or in the Red Sea!
[1051]
A foreshadowing, looking forward to the future reality in Messiah (cp. Col. 2:16-17).
[1052]
This memorial celebration of the lord’s death and reminder of his future Kingdom was not
kept just once a year but at church gatherings. “As often as you do it” (11:26) points to an indefinite
time, certainly not just annually.
[1053]
Meaning natural, national, now unconverted Israel. This shows of course that Paul recognized
a “spiritual Israel” of the Church whom he called “the Israel of God” in Gal. 6:16 and the “true
circumcision” (Jew) in Phil. 3:3. The international body of believers has been grafted into the true olive
tree.
[1054]
The demons of course, the power behind the idols, are very real, and the synoptic record as
part of the historical narratives documents the activity of supernatural, evil personalities with
intelligence, the demons. The demons cried out and the demons recognized Jesus to be the Messiah (see
Lk. 4:41). Jesus rebuked the demons. On no account should the records be violated by confusing the
demons with the demoniacs! Demon never means in the Bible a human person and certainly not a
mental disease! James notes that “the demons believe in the One God and tremble” (James 2:19).
Nonsense is made of this categorical statement if demons do not exist!
1 Corinthians